Article Review All Legislative Powers A Apart Of Congress

Article I - All legislative powers a apart of congress. This consists of a senate and a house of representatives. This enforces the amount of power given to each part of congress. Article II - The president has the executive power. He/She can only stay in office for Four years. They also work along side with a Vice President. Both the President and the Vice President have to be elected during the same time and work along side of each other the whole term. Article III - The Judicial power works within the supreme court. Congress can change and establish judges. Both supreme and inferior courts have to behave in a certain manner. Article IV - The constitution establishes the obligations the states have. They are known as â€Å"Privileges†.†¦show more content†¦What eligibility requirements does the Constitution establish for members of the house? Senate?: They must be 25 years old. They have to be a citizen of the U.S. for 7 years. They have to be an inhabitant of the state they represent. What eligibility requirements does the constitution establish for the president?: They have to be a natural born citizen. They also have to be 35 years old and had to live in the country for 14 years. Identify two expressed powers of the president: Commander and chief of the United States armed forces. Sign or Veto legislation Identify the expressed powers of the Vice-President: Cast a vote in the senate dead lock Over certify the official vote count of the U.S. Electoral College Identify two expressed powers of Congress: They are able to establish Post offices and post roads. Issue patents and copyrights. Establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court. A power that the Executive branch has over the legislative branch: They can veto a bill unless â…” majority overrides the veto. This can be found in what article/section of the constitution?: Article II, Section 2, Clause 5 A power that the legislative branch holds over the executive branch: They can override the veto of a President of â…” votes. This power can be found in what article/section of the constitution?: Article I, Section 7, Clause 3 A Power that the Judicial branch holds over the executive branch: They determine if

Women s Rights Of Women - 1655 Words

Despite improvements in the rights of women in the contemporary world, modernity has created systems in which women are prevented from achieving equality. One of the most popular influences in today’s society is the media. Female objectification in media has damagingly grown with the emergence of modernity. Unquestionably, this is an important sociological issue to address. Often in the modern world, the ideology of feminism is considered unnecessary. However, in spite of technological development, female objectification remains normalized in today’s culture. It is incorporated into our society so significantly, that we do not even notice the objectification that permeates the media (Cortese, 2008). Female objectification in advertising is†¦show more content†¦Hartmann (1976) argues that with the rise of capitalism, women were no longer oppressed only over their labour power at home, but also in the wage-labour market. Capitalism caused women to become targets for expanding markets through advertising strategies (Aronson, 1980). Eventually, this led to female’s self-esteem becoming associated with goods and services purchased (Aronson, 1980). Capitalism introduced the idea of turning women into commodities. Together, these two ideologies integrated to create a system where female bodies become commodities for profits. This system introduced three aspects that have contributed to female objectification in the media. These include sexualisation of females, profit maximization and division of labour. The patriarchal-capitalism system benefits from sexualising women to create profits. With the rise of capitalism, women have become capitalist properties. Private corporations use the idea of masculinity in their marketing campaigns to suppress women. Through female objectification, a pressure is generated for women to have a specific body type. These advertisements portray women as sex objects, to make corporate products seem desirable. Patriarchy plays a large role as patriarchal norms are reinforced through this issue (Fedorenko, 2014). An example of this in the media includes Carl’s Jr advertisements. This restaurant chain hasShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, China, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspiring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of women being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftere ffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the supplier and the nurturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the employment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early 1920’s, women thought they had achieved the unachievable. They could finally work, keep their earned wages, marry whomever they please, and even vote. After reaching their goal and fighting vigorously, women could taste equality and the freedom they deserved. While women still have the right to work in today’s society, women are not exactly treated equal in the workplace. Regardless of the past and the extreme measures taken to ensure equal opportunities for both men and women, there are manyRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Wo men1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920s, women were ignored in every aspect of their life. From politics, to social situations, women were constantly looked at as lesser. The 20s was a decade of women ready to fight for their rights. From gaining social freedoms, to getting political rights, the 20s was the first decade of feminism. Many women played key roles in the fight for women s rights through speeches, marches, and much more. The women that fought for their rights in the 1920s completely changed how women live their livesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1230 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s suffrage has stretched from the 1800’s to present day, as women have struggled to have the same civil and constitutional rights as men in politics and be appreciated as equals in the workforce. Groups of women known as suffragists questioned the customary views of women’s roles. Eventually our nation has evolved and realized that male-controlled societies suppress womenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s rights. From the beginning steps taken in 1850 to 2013 with women earning combat roles in the military, women’s rolesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto speak of women and the role of women in this election, the subject of women is tiresome but necessary in a world where gender is still existent as an obstacle for most. I cannot identify what woman is. I am basing my definition from our modern understanding of woman, our general view, and the popular experience. People are using younger women voting for Bernie Sanders as proof of gender’s irrelevant in this election, that women have achieved their rights. Even if women ‘have rights now’ it doesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1393 Words   |  6 Pages Women all over the world are being treated different than men. Iran is one of the places that women are being treated the worst. From restrictions to punishments, women in Iran are being treated with no respect, and that is not okay. Women’s rights activists have tried to get it to change, and have traveled to many places to try and get more people to join their movement. There are many issues with women not having the same rights as men. One of the main problems is that they are treated lessRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1272 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, women have fought a strenuous battle for equal rights. Many men, and even some women, all over the world believe that women do not share the same value and importance to society as men do. On September 5, 1995, Hillary Clinton spoke at the 4th World Conference on Women, on behalf of women all over the world. Clinton raised awareness on how women s rights are being violated and why it is important to recognize women s rights as equal to everyone else’s rights. Even today, in 2016Read MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe family has traditionally been the basic unit of Chinese society where women have long been charged with upholding society s values in their roles as wives and mothers. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, women were required to balance society s i deals with the reality of raising a family and maintaining a household. Throughout the imperial period and into the beginning of the twentieth century, the relationship among family members was prescribed by Confucian teachings. The revered philosopher

Sun Downing Syndrome And Elderly Dementia - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Sun Downing Syndrome And Elderly Dementia. Answer: Sun Downing Syndrome (SD) is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with individuals with dementia occurs during the middle stages of mixed dementia or Alzheimers disease (Ferrazzoli, Sica and Sancesario 2013). This is called late-day confusion creating agitation and confusion in the late afternoon and evening being less pronounced during the day. There is no exact reason for this behaviour although it is aggravated due to low lighting, fatigue, increased shadows, internal clocks disruption, infections or separating reality from dreams. It is syndrome associated with nocturnal delirium and form of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) affecting around 10% to 25% patients in nursing care residents and 66% dementia dwelling patients (Yevchak, Steis and Evans 2012). Structuring of environment, meeting psychological and physical needs, scheduled activities of daily living, enhanced social activities and preventing loneliness can reduce SD symptoms (Venturelli et al. 2016). It is hard to distinguish sundowning as it has an unclear diagnostic criteria and definition. Therefore, the following essay involves the discussion of sundowning syndrome as a nursing issue and critical appraisal of current evidence associated with it. During my clinical placement, I was working at dementia ward in nursing home where I was assigned to look after sun downing syndrome patients with dementia. I found it challenging to look after them during my shift and planned to research syndrome. A literature review was conducted to explore this condition, describing what it is, why it occurs and its prevalence with proper management and treatment in reducing agitation being a major nursing issue. Sundowning has entered the common parlance of aged care nursing and dementia caregivers questioning whether it is common syndrome as assumed associated with demented individuals or not (Ferrazzoli, Sica and Sancesario 2013). However, it is not a formal form of psychiatric diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-MD). Moreover, the lack of consistent definition and diagnostic criteria are the man contributing factors to the conflicting and challenging interpretation of research findings particularly for nurses in terms of treatment outcomes (Nelson and DeVries 2017). The treatment guidelines are also not specific for SD in the major dementia treatment. Apart from lack of consensus, the hypothesis that symptoms (agitation) occur during late afternoon and evening is quite burdening for the nursing staffs and caregivers questioning the existence of SD (Ferrazzoli, Sica and Sancesario 2013). Therefore, it is important to have an insight into the current literature evidence related to SD and relevant to aged care nursing discussed in the subsequent section. Khachiyants et al. (2011) conducted a systematic review on epidemiology, etiology, differential diagnosis risk factors, prognosis and prevention of SD. The results depicted that SD is the second most common disruptive behavior form in institutionalized patients with dementia appearing endemic after wandering. 12.4% of elderly patients in nursing homes stated that cognition status disruption occurs during late afternoon. This data suggests that it becomes impossible for aged care nurses to carry out a validated comparative analysis about SD prevalence in different populations like non-institutionalized or institutionalized (Martins and Fernandes 2012). Moreover, the frequently observed abnormalities in behavior of demented patients with late afternoon exacerbation at late evening or night pose a significant burden to the nursing staffs and caregivers triggering challenges (Ferrazzoli, Sica and Sancesario 2013). However, the paper presented limited data in the prevention of SD as the c urrent literature lacked effective methods description. Canevelli et al. (2016) in their paper illustrated SD is a challenging manifestation and relevant to dementia in large number of affect individuals posing burden to aged care nursing and economic burden. There is lack of evidence regarding disentangling and clarifying the multifaceted and complex pathophysiological bases of SD phenomena. There is also lack of validated tool and screening for SD in the routine clinical practice especially outpatient settings. These factors pose future developments and research regarding SD in dementia for aged care nurses emerging as an issue in the nursing specialty. Cipriani et al. (2015) published a paper explaining that SD is a poorly defined entity that lacks accurate understanding of clinical characteristics, treatment and management. The study stated the role of suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in hypothalamus for the generation and synchronization of behavioral and physiological rhythm. SCN is biological clock that control melatonin production suppressed by dark and light alterations. They stated that sundowning is based on cortical activation or arousal reaction depending on cortex cholinergic differentiation where sleep disruption is the prime contributor. They also established correlations between noise, amount of light, staff fatigue and shortages. According to Blais, Zolezzi and Sadowski (2014) non-pharmacological interventions like music therapy, bright light therapy and aromatherapy may be of some benefit, however, pharmacological therapy provide minimal benefit only associated with safety concerns. The use of antipsychotics and melatonin showed evidence, however benzodiazepines are not recommendable as there are adverse side effects in elderly patients. This shows there is poor management of SD and quality of evidence supporting treatment is weak. As non-pharmacological interventions are safe, they are first line of SD treatment and require further development of SD management strategies. According to Gnanasekaran (2016) the clinical phenomenon of sundowning syndrome is known as early evening disruptive behavior. The paper suggested that there is limited medical literature regarding definition criteria and consistent diagnosis. The current understanding about this syndrome is greatly incomplete with limited justification. The literature is scarce and there is lack of comprehensive understanding of SD with studies failing to realize the basic existence of this syndrome. However, this study is perceived during evening hours creating stress and fatigue among nursing staffs in long-term care facilities. According to Zhou, Jung and Richards (2012) the antipsychotic medications given for dementia causes sleep disturbances or irregular circadian rhythms in the patients that may be a reason for the sundowning syndrome associated with this condition. Night awakening due to SD in patients is distressing for both patients with dementia and caregivers especially clinical depression among nurses and caregivers. From the above discussion, it is evident that there is limited literature available suggesting that some demented patients display sundowning, although, it is a prevalent syndrome among elderly population. Due to this reason, nurses and caregivers are unable to provide accurate treatment and management of the condition. Moreover, the agitation that occurs during the late evening or night is also a matter of concern. At that time-frame, there is shift change or fatigue that occurs among nurses and caregivers also causes poor diagnosis and management of SD among dementia patients. Therefore, future studies are required to have a clear definition, understanding and differential diagnosis of SD in demented individuals. References Blais, J., Zolezzi, M. and Sadowski, C.A., 2014. Treatment options for sundowning in patients with dementia.Mental Health Clinician,4(4), pp.189-195. Canevelli, M., Valletta, M., Trebbastoni, A., Sarli, G., DAntonio, F., Tariciotti, L., de Lena, C. and Bruno, G., 2016. Sundowning in Dementia: Clinical Relevance, Pathophysiological Determinants, and Therapeutic Approaches.Frontiers in medicine,3. Cipriani, G., Lucetti, C., Carlesi, C., Danti, S. and Nuti, A., 2015. Sundown syndrome and dementia.European Geriatric Medicine,6(4), pp.375-380. Ferrazzoli, D., Sica, F. and Sancesario, G., 2013. Sundowning syndrome: A possible marker of frailty in Alzheimers disease?.CNS Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-CNS Neurological Disorders),12(4), pp.525-528. Gnanasekaran, G., 2016. Sundowning as a biological phenomenon: current understandings and future directions: an update.Aging clinical and experimental research,28(3), pp.383-392. Khachiyants, N., Trinkle, D., Son, S.J. and Kim, K.Y., 2011. Sundown syndrome in persons with dementia: an update.Psychiatry investigation,8(4), pp.275-287. Martins, S. and Fernandes, L., 2012. Delirium in elderly people: a review. Frontiers in neurology, 3. Nelson, R.J. and DeVries, A.C., 2017. Medical Hypothesis: Light at Night Is a Factor Worth Considering in Critical Care Units.Advances in Integrative Medicine. Venturelli, M., Sollima, A., C, E., Limonta, E., Bisconti, A.V., Brasioli, A., Muti, E. and Esposito, F., 2016. Effectiveness of exercise-and cognitive-based treatments on salivary cortisol levels and sundowning syndrome symptoms in patients with Alzheimers Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,53(4), pp.1631-1640. Yevchak, A.M., Steis, M.R. and Evans, L.K., 2012. Sundown syndrome: a systematic review of the literature. Research in gerontological nursing, 5(4), pp.294-308. Zhou, Q.P., Jung, L. and Richards, K.C., 2012. The management of sleep and circadian disturbance in patients with dementia.Current neurology and neuroscience reports,12(2), pp.193-204.

Communication Techonology advantages and disadvantages free essay sample

I am going to explore communication technology in public and private life. I am going to discuss the advantages and disadvantages and the impact of communication technology. Introduction: Communication Technology is a term used to describe the various forms correspondence that are available, including technological advancements. Communication is when people exchange thoughts, messages and information. It can be exchanged by speech, gestures and by the use of writing. There are many ranges of communication and this field is improving all the time with new editions and upgrades. As next generation electronic information system evolve, it is critical that all people have access to the information available via these systems. Examples of developing and future information systems include interactive television, touchscreen-based information kiosks and advanced internet programs. Already common used in remote control of TVs, VCRs and CD players, infrared technology. Wireless communication as the term implies, allows information to be exchanged between two devices without the use of wire and cable. A wireless keyboard sends information to the computer without the use of keyboard cable; a cellular telephone sends information to another telephone without the use of a telephone cable. There are many advantages and disadvantages of communication technology on public and private life. The advantages would be as follows: You are always contactable and in many different ways (via email, internet, skype) There is no need to go into the bank anymore everything can be done on line. There is no need for so many meetings anymore as it can be done via email and documents attached or conference calls. The disadvantages would be: You never seem to switch off as your always checking the phone even after work. Your details can get scammed and your identity can be stolen You can lose all your data and documents, system can crash. Information that would be held about people should be protected under the following and this legislation should protect individuals also. The Freedom of Information Act Freedom of Information Act 1997 as amended Act 2003 obliges government departments the health service Executive (HSE) local authorities and a range of other statutory agencies to publish information on their activities and to make personal information available to citizens. It is a legal right for each person to access information held by public bodies and government departments. It is also a legal right for each person to have official information relating to himself/herself amended where it is incomplete, incorrect or misleading. Finally a legal right to obtain reasons for decision affecting himself/herself. In practise most of the public bodies covered by the freeson of information Act have their section 15 and 16 manuals available on their website. Since May 2006 more than 100 additional bodies are subject to the freedom of information legislation. Data Protection Act When you give your personal details to an organisation they have a duty to keep these details private and safe. This process is known as data protection. Most of us give information about ourselves to groups such as government bodies, banks,insurance companies, medical professionals and telephone companies to use their services or meet certain conditions. Under data protection law you have rights regarding the use of these personal details and data controlled have certain responsibilities in how they handle this information. You have the right to data protection when your details are held on a computer, held on paper or other manual forms as part of a filing system. Data protection rights will help you make sure that the information stated about you is factually correct only used for stated purposes and only available to those should have it. You can ask for a copy of all your personal details in writing to any organisation or person holding those details. If you discover that a data controller has details about you that are not factually correct you can ask them to change or in some cases remove those details. In this assignment I am going to mention three types of CT which are Internet Banking, mobile Phones and computers. Firstly I am going to talk about Mobile Phones. Although Mobile phones have taken over our current society, they have been around for several decades. Beginning in the late 1940’s the technology that would later be used in today’s cell phones was created and the idea of a mobile phone was introduced. This cell technology was first used in mobile a rig which was mainly used in taxis, police cars and other vehicles and emergency situations. The first mobile where introduced on the market by the Motorola Company. These first mobile phones used analog technology which was much less reliable than the digital technology we use today. They had a lot more static and noise interference than we have today. The third generation of technology or 3g is what many people currently use in their digital cellular phones today. These phones have helped to increase the amount of sales and have gained so much in popularity. Many refer to the instant messaging capabilities as texts. Mobile phones have made a huge difference on public and private life and have enhanced business all over the world. They have cut out so much unnecessary business meeting where time would have been a factor for people. Advantages of Mobile Phones Always contactable You have the internet on your phone Apps for updates Many networks to choose from so you can price around for prices. Disadvantages of Mobile Phones Sometimes you don’t want to be contacted. You can large bills/addicted to the phone. They are easy to lose with all your details. It is very easy to cancel a meeting with someone now just send a text. Next I am going to talk about Internet Banking We all know about Internet banking and most of us use it quite often as well, but few of us actually understand the history of internet banking and how it  all came out. Computers themselves have really come on enormous way since their initial establishment as the earliest electronic computers were so large that they would take up the entire area of a room, while today some are so small that they can hardly be seen at all. The history of internet banking obviously begins with the history of the internet which was invented in 1974 and really was a household name in the 1990’s. the internet grew incredibly over the years with various search engines and web pages creating to assist web browsers. Internet banking has been around for many years and only become prominent over the past year or so. Internet banking offers an array of different advantages to the user, including account balances and history and including year to date information. The ability to transfer money from one account to another and to payees for bill payments, check history, stop payments and check credit card balances. Internet banking basically allows you to be able to do everything that you can in your regular banking institution, only with the benefit that you can do it all right from the convenience of your own home. Advantages of Internet Banking: You don’t have to q in the bank anymore You can easily make transactions on line You keep an eye on your account on a daily basis You don’t have to wait on statements to arrive. You can do it at any time even when banks are closed Disadvantages of Internet Banking: Your details can be copied Sometimes fraud can occur You lose the personal touch with the bank staff Finally I am going to talk about Television: Television has become such an integral part of homes in the modern world that it is hard to imagine life without television. The boob tube, as television is also referred to, provides entertainment to people of all ages. Not just  for entertainment value, but TV is also a valuable resource for advertising and different kinds of programming. The television as we see it and know it today was not always this way. As early television systems were black and white, with color television being invented much later on. Today the television technology has changed so much between flat screens, LCDS, and now 3D HD. Advantages of television: It’s a good way to relax It’s a great way of communication Current affairs/documentaries are educational Disadvantages of television: Sometimes you become lazy TV can be negative and violent It can be bad for children too much TV. Conclusion: In general Communication Technology has changed the world and how we communicate with each other. It is much easier to keep in touch with relative and friends. Business can now make decisions and answers quicker we work at a different pace than before. We are always waiting on the next new model and upgrade and the mobile and iPhones have taken over by storm it’s what we have become used too and everyone is talking about. It’s great we have moved on and developed so much it should make life easier and yet I am sure in decades to come we will see the effects or benefits from this. Personal Learning: I have learned quite a lot from doing this assignment and all the information that came with it. Especially around the Data Protection and Freedom of information Act. There is so much information on the internet to research again this is the assignment Communication Technology and I went straight to the Internet to get the information. The internet is a powerful tool and without it I don’t know how we would cope.

Consumer Behaviour a Purchase Decision Process

Types and forms of FDI Essays

Types and forms of FDI Essays Types and forms of FDI Paper Types and forms of FDI Paper Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment into production or business in a country by an individual or company of another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds. Foreign Direct Investment as any flow of lending to, or purchase of ownership in a foreign enterprise that is largely owned by the residents of the investing company. It may take the form of Cash, securities, plant, equipment, and other factors of production, such as managerial skills, technology, or know how. FDI usually involves some combination of the above. The transfer of this package of capital assets as well as the retention of control is what distinguishes FDI from portfolio investment. Foreign Direct Investment is generally classified into fives types which is: 1. Inward Foreign Direct Investment 2. Outward Foreign Direct Investment 3. Horizontal Foreign Investment 4. Vertical Foreign Investment 5. Platform Foreign Investment Inward FDI: An inward investment involves an external or foreign entity either investing in or purchasing the goods of a local economy. A common type of inward investment is a foreign direct investment (FDI). This occurs when one company purchases another business or establishes new operations for an existing business in a country different than the investing companys origin. In this case investment of foreign resources is local resources. The factors encourages the growth of Inward FDI contains relaxation of existent regulations, tax breaks, loans on low rates of interest etc. Outward FDI : A business strategy where a domestic firm expands its operations to a foreign country either via a Green field investment, merger/acquisition and/or expansion of an existing foreign facility. Employing outward direct investment is a natural progression for firms as better business opportunities will be available in foreign countries when domestic markets become too saturated. Outward Foreign direct investment is also referred to as direct investment abroad. In this case it is the local capital, which is being invested in some foreign resource. Outward FDI may lso find use in the import and export dealings with a foreign country. Horizontal FDI : Foreign direct investment by a firm to establish manufacturing facilities in multiple countries, all producing essentially the same thing but for their respective domestic or nearby markets. Horizontal FDI refers to the foreign manufacturing of products and services roughly similar to those the firm produces in its home market. This type of FDI is called horizontal because the multinational duplicates the same activities in different countries. Horizontal FDI arises because it s too costly to serve the foreign market by exports due to transportation costs or trade barriers. in multiple countries, each producing a different input to, or stage of, the firms production process. Vertical FDI refers to those multinationals that fragment production process geographically. It is called because MNE separates the production chain vertically by outsourcing some production stages abroad. The basic idea behind the analysis of this type of FDI is that a production process consists of multiple stages with different input requirements. If input prices varies across ountries, it becomes profitable for the firm to split the production chain. Vertical FDI consists of two groups: backward and forward vertical FDI. In case of backward FDI multinational enterprise establishes its own supplier of input goods which delivers inputs to the parent company. Conducting forward FDI, the firm builds up a foreign affiliate, which draws inputs from the parent company for own production, thus staying after the parent in the production chain. Platform FDI : Foreign direct investment from a source country into a destination country for the purpose of exporting to a third country. Horizontal FDI decreases international trade as the product of them is usually aimed at host country; the two other types generally act as a stimulus for it. Green Field Investment direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nations promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and Jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. However, it often does this by crowding out local industry; multinationals are able to produce goods more cheaply because of advanced technology and efficient processes) and uses up resources (labor, intermediate goods, etc). Another downside of greenfield investment is that profits from production do not feed back into the local economy, but instead to the multinationals home economy. This is in contrast to local industries whose profits flow back into the domestic economy to promote growth. Mergers And Acquisition occur when a transfer of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place, this is the primary type of FDI. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to stablish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Unlike greenfield investment, acquisitions provide no long term benefits to the local economy even in most deals the owners of the local firm are paid in stock from the acquiring firm, meaning that the money from the sale could never reach the local economy. Nevertheless, mergers and acquisitions are a significant form of FDI and until around 1997, accounted for nearly 90% of the FDI flow into the United States.

Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Dance - Essay Example Beyonce’s video is only a modern version of Fosse’s, with differing dance moves. Inspiration is important; every artiste takes his inspiration from his favourite and most liked work. However, there is a stark difference between being inspired and plagiarising. There is no reason to â€Å"borrow† work from another, and if one is doing that, he is supposed to credit the person. Beyonce has a reputation of originality and unique work and I agree with that reputation. This video, however, did bring doubts to my mind and every time I will watch her video now I will stop to ponder whether it is her original idea or a borrowed one. Fosse’s Rich Man’s Frug has been a sensational video and one of the best works of Fosse. Space, timing and effort qualities are three choreographic tools very much visible in the video. The groups of dancers, whether just standing or moving as well, perform perfectly together; the way the dancers move around in sync and unison; and the very vigorous and sharp dance

Fundamental elements of business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fundamental elements of business - Essay Example Cost of equity does not necessarily involve repayment of funds raised unlike debt. It basically involves rising of funds through interests which not mount pressures on the organization. More pronounced is the fact that cost of equity gives the business organization a sense of expression which allows the organization room to go to all ends to acquire funds. They are not restricted by debt or anything. If a company is successful, the higher the cost of equity which will definitely leave the company little. There is no stipulated cost of equity; it therefore depends on the interest rate which renders the company rather helpless. In this case the cost of equity of a company puts the organization in the position of always requiring votes from shareholders before taking certain decisions "wise use of debt may lower a firms weighted average cost of capital (WACC) during inflation debt is repaid with 'cheap dollars'". In this case raising debt capital is easier and less complicated because the company is not required to comply with state, federal security's laws and regulations. "Interest and principal must always be met when due regardless of a firms financial position, also poor u

Case Assignment 2 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 2 - Case Study Example It goes without saying that Lynn Tilton carries a sense of charisma around her multifaceted personality, which is a combination of impressive glamour and a stark sense of business and an inspiring vision that seldom fails to impress people. People mostly end up getting enamored by her leadership skills and her resource savvy sense of management. One big thing about Lynn Tilton that makes her an astute manager and an insightful leader is her ability to carry and exercise authority. As a leader she is vehemently dedicated to her goals and does not mind being stringent if the need be. 2. One big positive leadership trait evinced by Lynn Tilton is her panache for being what she actually is. She does not mind cracking jokes about her personal life, affiliates to a glamorous sense of dress up in a corporate setup, decorates her office with somewhat bizarre seeming artifacts and art. It would not be wrong to say that people could not help being impressed by her straightforwardness and chari sma. However, this very same quality and traits could also be considered to be a negative aspect of Lynn Tilton’s leadership persona in the sense that she tends to too much mix her personal preferences with her business style. This could many a times could send wrong messages to the employees and colleagues and may disorient or confuse them. ... s that her style of leadership is somewhat dictatorial as she herself admits, which if taken too far may lead to suppression of individuality and free opinion amongst her employees. 3. Lynn Tilton does evince a situational approach towards leadership while managing the rusted assets she invests in. She pays a lot of stress on impacting and influencing the organizational culture of the company she tends to manage, so that she could make the company a success by introducing a new management and new products. Lynn Tilton is considered to be tough on the former employees of the companies she purchases. Perhaps this is so because being an astute situational leader she is very particular about gauging as to how every employee fits into her vision and the scheme of things to come. Moreover Lynn comes out to his employees as a humorous person and she is a good actor as she well understands how to adapt her leadership style to the situation at hand. Lynn evinces a great sense of self confiden ce and is not scared of being public about her life and preferences. She is a great believer in herself and the companies she happens to invest in. 4. Lynn is a transformational leader as she is internally motivated and uses her innate motivation and drive to influence the companies and assets she invests in. That is why Lynn has been able to convert many rusted assets she invested in into thriving and successful businesses. Like a true transformational leader, Lynn has the courage and the ability to make tough business decisions. The former employees of the companies she purchases tend to be weary of him because they know that she would not hesitate from making tough decisions if the need be. The big thing about Lynn is that the tough decisions she makes yield results because they align

The Nature Of Strategic Management Journal Commerce Essay

The Nature Of Strategic Management Journal Commerce Essay Strategic management is ideas and injunctions that enable the organization achieve its objective or long-term target to perform a better performance. The purpose of strategic management is to seek the opportunities for better future of the organization. Generally, good strategic management practices can improve the organization performance and achieve the organization target objectives. The strategies on an organization are made by the management itself to ensure the successful of the organization. The strategic management process consists of three stages which are strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation. 1. INTRODUCTION Today, there are many definitions of strategic defined by various authors and by refer to Mintzberg et al. (1998), the definition of strategic is universal and there is no single. The others author, Chandler (1962) as the American business historian is the first person that defined strategic as determination of the basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out those goals. In the context of construction, Channon (1978) defined strategy in term of the extent of diversification, international activity and acquisition policy. Mintzberg (1994) portrays strategy as a plan a direction, a guide or Strategic Management Practices in Malaysian Construction Industry 142 course of action into the future and as a pattern, that is, consistent in behavior over time. Strategic management has evolved into a more sophisticated and potentially more powerful tool (Stoney, 2001). The strategic management stages need a person who is competent to handle this process more effectively and to make sure that its success (Stahl and Grigsby, 1992). To ensure firm success and can overcome any barriers that occur during strategic management process, the top management of an organization must play their roles through involvement in the process, through dialogue and participation. The aim purpose of the process is to achieve the understanding and commitment from top management and employees. 2. Strategic Management in General STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN GENERAL There are many definitions that are defined by various authors. According to David (1997) strategic management is the art and science of formulating, implementing, evaluating cross functional decision that enable organization to achieve its objectives. Wheelen and Hunger (1984) say that strategic management is a set of managerial decisions and actions that determines the long-run performance of an organization. It includes environmental scanning (both external and internal), strategy formulation (strategic or long-range planning), strategy implementation and evaluation and control. Wheelen and Hunger (2003) noted that people at all levels, not just top management, need to be involve in strategic management; scanning the environment for critical information, suggesting changes to strategies and programs to take advantage of environment shifts, and working with others to continuously improve work methods, procedures, and evaluation techniques by working with other people in the organiz ation. 3. FINDINGS Stages in Strategic Management Strategy Formulation The first phase is strategy formulation. Certo and Peter (1991) stated that strategy formulation want to ensure that the organization achieve the objectives that they have been made. David (1997) said that strategy formulation includes the decision on what business to conduct, how to allocate the resources, and whether want the business join or enter to international market. Besides, David also stated that strategy formulation phase includes developing a vision and mission, identifying an organization external opportunities and threats, determining internal strength and weaknesses, establishing long-term objectives, generating alternative strategies, and choosing the best alternative strategy to be pursue. He also said that issues in strategic management includes deciding what new business to enter, what business to abandon, how to allocate resources without hostile takeovers, whether to expand operations or diversity, whether to merge or form a joint venture, whether to enter intern ational markets and how to avoid a hostile takeover. ROLES OF INTELLIGENCE IN STRATEGY FORMULATION Good intelligence is not necessarily going to make a great strategy while successful strategies are derived from good intelligence concerning a companys total business environment including the competition. There is some intelligence role in strategy formulation. Among them are: Describing the Competitive Environment. Intelligence analysis must to carry out their responsibilities, so that the company can compete with the challenging environment over time. Besides that, intelligence should also determine the causes of the companys competitive environment, including competitors, customers, products, the structure of the industry in which they all perform, and the type of competition, such as price performance, and technology. Forecasting the Future Competitive Environment Intelligence department can provide predictions of future business for the company, especially in the competitive environment in which the company is likely to find itself. Business intelligence estimate is the most appropriate intelligence products to reflect the competitive environment in the future, as being one entirely different from the business environment that it competes in today. Identifying and Compensating for Exposed Weaknesses. Companys own weaknesses and vulnerabilities can be identify and assess by using intelligence department. Usually when a company is about to launch a new strategy or enter a market or business that it has never participated in before, this ability is particularly valuable because the competition is likely to have assessed the newcomers strengths and weaknesses and will exploit those weaknesses that are truly vulnerabilities. Before entering the new business arena, companies must be aware of his own weaknesses before the occurrence of a competition. This is to ensure that the company is always ready to take corrective action or formulate new strategies so that the company is not affected. Using Intelligence to Implement and Adjust Strategy to the Changing Competitive Environment. After the new strategy have been designed and tested, then it goes through two distinct phases of implementation. Initial implementation of the first phase is when competitors began to detect and respond to the strategys salient features. While the second phase is developing a more complete and appropriate set of actions to counter your strategy. The intelligence that you gather during both distinct phases of implementation are critical to the long-term viability of your new strategy because comprehensiveness, timeliness, objectivity and analysis are required in these two phase. Few US companies are capable of managing such effective business intelligence operations and thus formulating the appropriate ongoing business plans necessary to continually adjust their strategy to the changing competitive environment. DESIGNING A STRATEGY FORMULATION PROCESS FOR NEW, TECHNOLOGY-BASED FIRMS: A KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPROACH When open innovation models are being introduced in the industry, innovative firms must taking more and more open forms, so that a firm can create the innovation process in a knowledge-based society. In addition, the firm also can   build porous borders to incorporate their own knowledge and competencies with others. The first step is to identify useful knowledge among employees and stakeholders of the NTBF (new technology based firm), so that they do not require further discussion. However, in the external environment, identify useful knowledge is not as easy as I thought. There are several questions that must be answered to proceed from knowledge identification to transfer knowledge :- Who has the requested knowledge? This question is more relevant when searching among the members of the NTBF but also a who knows the whereabouts of the requested knowledge? which is more relevant when the requested knowledge lies outside the firm. What are our relations with the actor holding the requested knowledge? Question like this is to identify ways to strengthen ties in the relation with the actor/partner holding the requested knowledge. What drives this relationship? Is it based on friendship, a strategic alliance, a mutually-beneficial business relationship, or a potential partnership etc.? What is the nature of the requested knowledge? The third question is related to the knowledge complexity that determines the ability to accomplish the knowledge transfer because it is has to be regarded within the framework of a specific knowledge transaction, between specific persons in a specific context. How can we transfer this knowledge and what is the compensation requested for this transfer? The fourth question related to the readiness of the owner knowledge to share knowledge because knowledge transfer process cannot be determined in advance, and this depends on the complexity of knowledge and the absorptive capacity of the recipient to make the transfer. Apart from compensation, are there additional costs associated with the transfer? The fifth question tries to examine the non-monetary cost associated with the transfer of knowledge. As mentioned earlier, a NTBFs resources are limited and valuable and the cost to absorb a knowledge transfer might prove costly in terms of man days of key members of the NTBF. Does this knowledge transaction contribute to the formation of a collaborative competitive advantage? The final question concerns the examination of the probability that this knowledge transaction is part of the formation of a knowledge-based strategic alliance forming a sustainable competitive advantage that is difficult to imitate. Strategy Implementation The second phase is strategy implementation. In this phase, Sharplin (1995) said that all the organization activities or business strategies must be based on the strategic plan made. Organization must establish the objectives and policies of the company so that all the employees know what they should do to achieve the company objectives. Besides, the company also needs to do something to ensure that all the employees are motivated to do the job, and resources need to be allocating to execute formulated strategies. Effective strategy implementation is really important to the organization. Based to Certo and Peter (1991), effective strategy implementation is really important to get the benefits of performing an analysis of organizational, establishment of organizational direction and formulating. APPRAISING THE ROLE OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN EXPORT PERFORMANCE: A CASE FROM MIDDLE EAST They are various point of views to define and describe the strategy implementation. Strategy implementation may be define as a process inducing various forms of organizational learning, because both environmental threats and strategic responses can make something happen for organizational learning processes (Lehner, 2004). Strategy implementation is a combination process of implementing strategies, policies, programs and action plans that helps a firm to take the benefits of opportunities in the competitive environment by using wisely and usefully its resources (Harrington, 2006). Strategy implementation is also can be described that the companies can identify the future opportunities as a lively process (Schaap, 2006). On the field of studies in strategy implementation, it must be done with the international perspective. In Hrebiniak conceptual framework there are some suggestion about the key factor for strategy implementation which include of leadership, facilitating global learni ng, developing global managers, having a matrix structure and working with external companies for international environment. Besides that, there are other framework introduced by Yip, that involved organizational structure, culture, people and managerial process (Okumus, 2003). There are two groups of variables which is operational (budgeting, structure) and managerial (culture, leadership) that had been identify in this study of measuring the strategy implementation. STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL During an action, strategy implementation is a managing forces and focuses on efficiency. It is primarily an operational process, requires special motivation and leadership skills and requires the combination among many individual. There are some several of issues that involve in strategy implementation which is : Strategies are not lead to action and have to be activated through implementation. Plan should be lead in strategies. Result of plan in different kind of programmes. Formulation of projects must lead to programmes. Separate allocation of fund is requires and it must be completed within a time given. The needed infrastructure for the day-to-day operations create of Projects create within an organization. Strategies implementation is not limited to formulation of plans, programmes, and projects. Resources would require in projects. After it has been provided, it would be essential to see a proper organizational structure is designed, systems have been installed, devised the functional policies, and various behavioural inputs are provided to make sure the plans may work. Below is the issues in strategy implementation that are to be considered : Project implementation Procedural implementation Resource allocation Structural implementation Functional implementation Behavioural implementation THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN EFFECTIVESTRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION: PERCEPTIONS OF SOUTH AFRICAN STRATEGIC LEADERS The effectiveness and importance of strategy implementation In some of organizations from South African, it was found that the strategy implementation is more important than strategy formulation and can be see that the ability to implement a strategy in an organisation is more likely important than the ability to formulate a strategy in an organisation. Strategy implementation can be more difficult than the strategy formulation. This study was founded that the effectiveness of strategy implementation in South African organizations can help the organisation to gain the effectiveness of organisation. It can show that, the strategy implementation more effectiveness to be used it within the organisation. Barriers to effective strategy implementation There are some barriers to achieve the effectiveness of strategy implementation : The workforce are poorly to understanding of the strategy and the most of important barriers to effective strategy implementation is there are an ineffective communication of the strategy among the workforce Another major barrier to an effective strategy implementation is strategic leadership is not perceived. Drivers of strategy implementation The importance of the drivers of strategy implementation : The most important driver of strategy implementation is strategic leadership. Strategic leadership contributes positively to the effective implementation of a strategy within an organization Many all of authors stated that the key of strategy implementation is strategic leadership (Hrebiniak 2005; Collins 2001; Useem 1998, 2001; Locke Kirkpatrick 1991; Freedman Tregoe 2003; Hitt et al. 2007; Hsieh Yik 2005; Bossidy Charan 2002; Thompson Strickland 2003; Hussey 1998; Kaplan Norton 2004). In fact, the effectiveness of strategy implementation is based on the strategic leaders of the organisation and to get the effectiveness to implementing strategy within the organisation, it is only through effective strategic leadership. (Hitt et al. 2007). The role of strategic leadership actions in strategy implementation The most important role in effective strategy implementation is the strategic leadership. The other of the important roles in strategy implementation is development of human capital, the exploitation and maintenance of core competencies. The development of social capital is the strategic leadership action is to play the least important role in effective strategy implementation. Strategy Evaluation The last phase of this management process is evaluation. Weiss (1972) define the purpose of evaluation as measuring the effects on given task whether it is according to the goals and objective of the organization. Thus, an improvement or corrective action should be taken after the evaluation has been made. It is really important to use a SWOT analysis to figure out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for both external and internal factors. This may require taking certain precautionary measures to change the entire strategy. Research methodologies need to be used to quantify the outcome from the evaluation against the goals that has been made to create a success. Weiss agree that goals are really important in an evaluation to improve the performance. Evaluation done by reviewing current strategies, measure the performance and take the corrective actions. The need of an evaluation is to know the success of the organization. Certo and Peter (1991) stated that the evalua tion needs information about strategic performance to compare it with existing standards. Balanced scorecard (BSC) is an example of one of the popular approaches to evaluate the organization performance. It was first introduced by Kaplan and Norton (1992. 1996a). The BSC typically is a method that allows an organization to indicate its vision, develop and communicate a strategy to achieve the established vision and convert the developed strategy into action. 4. Conclusion In general, strategic management can be used to determine mission, vision, values, goals, objectives, roles and responsibilities. Strategic management is important in the organization to know the objectives and the aim of the organizations. The nature of strategic management also involve about the process or stages. This study was focused on the strategic management process. Strategic management process has three stages which is strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation. The strategic management process is becoming more widely used by small firms, large companies, nonprofit institutions, governmental organizations, and multinational conglomerates alike. It represents a logical, systematic, and objective approach for determining an organizations future direction. All the three stages of the process were important for all the organization. This is because those process are more likely as a guideline to the organization to manage their organization. Without a proper strategy the successful and the effectiveness cannot be occur. A good strategist plans and controls his or her plans, whereas a bad strategist never plans and then tries to control people. We can conclude that the strategy is important within the organization which as a direction for organization to manage their management. Without a strategy, an organization is like a ship without a rudder, going around in circles. Its like a tramp; it has no place to go. Joel Ross and Michael Kami

lucid dreaming :: essays research papers

Lucid dreaming means dreaming while knowing that you are dreaming. The term was coined by Frederik van Eeden who used the word "lucid" in the sense of mental clarity. Lucidity usually begins in the midst of a dream when the dreamer realizes that the experience is not occurring in physical reality, but is a dream. Often this realization is triggered by the dreamer noticing some impossible or unlikely occurrence in the dream, such as flying or meeting the deceased. Sometimes people become lucid without noticing any particular clue in the dream; they just suddenly realize they are in a dream. A minority of lucid dreams (according to the research of LaBerge and colleagues, about 10 percent) are the result of returning to REM (dreaming) sleep directly from an awakening with unbroken reflective consciousness. The basic definition of lucid dreaming requires nothing more than becoming aware that you are dreaming. However, the quality of lucidity can vary greatly. When lucidity is at a high level, you are aware that everything experienced in the dream is occurring in your mind, that there is no real danger, and that you are asleep in bed and will awaken shortly. With low-level lucidity you may be aware to a certain extent that you are dreaming, perhaps enough to fly or alter what you are doing, but not enough to realize that the people are dream representations, or that you can suffer no physical damage, or that you are actually in bed. 1.2 IS LUCID DREAMING THE SAME AS DREAM CONTROL? Lucidity is not synonymous with dream control. It is possible to be lucid and have little control over dream content, and conversely, to have a great deal of control without being explicitly aware that you are dreaming. However, becoming lucid in a dream is likely to increase the extent to which you can deliberately influence the course of events. Once lucid, dreamers usually choose to do something permitted only by the extraordinary freedom of the dream state, such as flying. You always have the choice of how much control you want to exert. For example, you could continue with whatever you were doing when you became lucid, with the added knowledge that you are dreaming. Or you could try to change everything--the dream scene, yourself, other dream characters.

Lennie Small is the central character in the novel, ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

Lennie Small is the central character in the novel, ‘Of Mice and Men’. The American John Steinbeck wrote the story about Ranch life in the 1930s. Lennie is perhaps the most interesting character in the novel. He is likeable and even loveable, maybe because he himself is so keen to show affection. There is a huge part of Lennie that means no harm, however he is definitely not harmless. He is both villain and victim, caring and destructive. He is complicated, even contradictory. At the time the novel was published the American stock market on Wall Street crashed catastrophically. This led to a massive economic depression in the 1930s when increasing mechanisation was driving agricultural labourers off the land. California was filling with official and unofficial refugee camps. Drought and over-farming were reducing the amount of fertile land. This meant owners in Oklahoma and Arkansas were going bankrupt and banks were repossessing their land. Banks themselves were collapsing and all of it was worse if you were black. America was still a highly racist and segregated society. The American Dream was dead. Poverty and starvation stalked California and other stricken states. Migrants were worst of, there were no unions to protect workers, the bosses held on to their own wealth. The rich stayed rich and the poor stayed poor. There was no more unclaimed land, striking gold was extremely rare and wages were so low no one could afford to save any of their money. Many people in society didn’t have jobs – there was a 30% unemployment rate. Everyone was suffering and everyone just wanted to have a better quality of life. The whole world was a mess. The depression affected Europe economically too. And politically, Europe was slowly descending into chaos, especially because of the rise in fascism in Germany, Italy and Spain. In 1937, when Steinbeck wrote ‘Mice and Men’ civil war broke out in Spain in an attempt to suppress fascism. The Nazis were in power in Germany and becoming increasingly repressive, world war two was not far off. Although Steinbeck’s novel isn’t about any of these things specifically, in a world filling with chaos and economic depression, here was story that almost everyone could identify with. So unsurprisingly it sold, and sold, and sold†¦ Lennie is a huge grown man, but he is also very childlike. He is a brilliant farm labourer because he is a powerful man with huge hands. He may grown up physically but he hasn’t grown up mentally, as Slim says, ‘he’s jes like a kid.’ Lennie is innocent, and doesn’t really know how to behave; he asks a lot of innocent questions. Slim says he can see immediately that Lennie ‘ain’t mean’. Lennie does not seem interested in other people, apart from beautiful women. He takes orders from George, and he can also take orders from Slim about petting his new puppy. It is clear that Lennie doesn’t want to disobey anyone or do anything wrong. He takes orders and can slave away, like a machine. He is a very useful person for George to have teamed up with, because he’ll earn loads of cash. Curley’s wife calls Lennie a ‘dumdum’. Earlier, Slim says he seems a bit of a ‘cuckoo’- ‘crazy’. But George quickly denies it- Lennie is very slow but he’s not insane. However, when we see what Lennie does during the course of the novel, you begin to wonder. He is subject to violent fits and may be mentally ill, but these things weren’t properly diagnosed back then. Lennie identifies with animals; he looks like a bear, and walks like one – ‘he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws.’ He also eats and drinks like a hungry animal. He slavers and drools over beautiful women (e.g. Curley’s wife). It seems like he can’t control some of his animal instincts. Since childhood he has befriended animals before people – and it has to be cuddly animals. His Aunt Clara used to give him mice to play with. He is stubborn and very possessive over his animals, for example, over his mice, his puppy and his dream of tending his own rabbits. He never wants to let the animals we see him with out of his sight. But he is not very good at deceiving George – he knows whenever Lennie’s got one hidden in his coat or in his pocket. Lennie is always on the lookout for a pet, a mouse, a rabbit, a puppy or maybe a ‘purty’ woman. Lennie loves tame and friendly animals, that’s mostly what he is himself, tame and friendly. The mother of his new brown and white pup allows him to handle the others -‘she don’t care. She lets me.’ Animals seem unusually comfortable and unthreatened by him. However, there is another side to this obsession with animals. He’s also got a male animal’s sex drive. This expresses itself in his desire to stroke soft things, the lady in Weeds dress and Curley’s wife hair, for example. This seems sexual, but Lennie’s not mature enough to understand it. In both cases, whatever the motivation, the consequences were very bad. Lennie is dependent on George in both body and mind. George has virtually adopted him after Aunt Clara died. Lennie couldn’t survive on his own. He has none of the independence or practical skills of most adults. He wouldn’t be able to sort out food and shelter for himself. This is despite his repeated offer of going of on his own and living in a cave. In some ways he is animal-like but he probably wouldn’t survive a week out in the wild. George is the only person to stimulate Lennie’s mind, filling it with the dream of owning and farming their own land. Lennie is, in a way, addicted to this vision – pleading with George to tell him about it whenever he gets the chance. He gets himself into scrapes and he needs George to tell him about it whenever he gets the chance. He gets himself into scrapes and he needs George to get him out of them – like with Curley. He’d probably have been lynched or locked up years ago if George hadn’t stepped in. George is his parent, his brother, his guardian and his friend. He always there for him. George knows Lennie inside out. Lennie can’t keep secrets from him, like hiding mice in his pockets. Perhaps this isn’t surprising; Lennie has been with him for a long time, he has been independent on him for a long time. Lennie does however, give something in return, he is a good worker, he can do the work of two men. This is very useful for George. It helps them get and keep work, until Lennie mucks it all up. Lennie is also a killer. This is one of the key things in the whole novel. The gentlest man is also the most destructive. He is dangerous, and a violent killer. He attacks Curley, Curley’s wife, kills mice and throws his pup onto the barn floor in anger. He is not intentionally malicious. He doesn’t want to cause pain, when he fights Curley he’s actually encouraged by George: ‘Get ‘im Lennie!’ Lennie actually says afterwards he ‘didn’t wanta hurt him.’ Lennie has little self-restraint. He does everything in extremes. He’s liable to panic when someone else does, with Curley’ wife. In these panic attacks things tend to happen too suddenly, one minute he’s stroking Curley’s wife’s hair, the next he’s broken her neck. And even George can’t get him to stop crushing Curley’s hand. This is the tragedy of Lennie’s life; friendliness turns to aggression. As George says he ‘don’t know no rules’. But Lennie’s aggression is innocent, what’s what makes it different from the others’. Like others on the farm, Lennie is doomed to failure. Although his frequent violence is often unintended it still gets into trouble. For example, holding that girls dress in Weed, squashing mice and the puppy, and killing Curley’s wife. According to George Lennie is not malicious but he ‘don’t know no rules. But Lennie has sudden fits of anger, like when he hurled the puppy across the barn and he killed it. This suggests Lennie is not quite as innocent and blameless as George says he is. People pick on Lennie because he is stupid. Curley picks on him from the moment they meet. As does the boss, Curley’s wife and Crooks. His stupidity gets in him constant trouble. Because he can’t think for himself, he lives by his senses. That’s partly where the stroking comes in. he knows it feels nice, he doesn’t wonder why, he just does it. In the novel names are often symbolic. Steinbeck uses names to drop hints about the characters. Lennie’s surname is Small. Carlson makes a joke about it. But although he is huge height-wise, Lennie is fairly small in the brains department, so in a way it is not so ironic. Lennie is a complex, contradictory character. He is a large stupid, violent, strong, childish man who is very animal like. He always travels with George, he may be big and strong but it is very clear he is very slow. His main dream in life is to ‘tend the rabbits’ and ‘live off the fatta the lan’.

Free Essays on Imagination

Imagination The imagination builds fantasy landscapes and experience and then moves into them to see what they’re like. A great deal of us imagine thing we can not control. For example when we dream or when our mind gets away from us we cannot control the out come or what’s going to happen next. Then there are those imaginations we can control. For example you are sitting somewhere, anywhere and you spot this special some one you start thinking should I go over there and talk to that some one, but then you think what if. Your mind goes into this fantasy role play mode. Now remember you are controlling this imagination. So you get to decide what the out come should be to best fit you. I most cases our imagination is a lot more desirable then the real world. Sometime people take there imagination to far they start affecting they’re bodies. I think the best example for this is people who are anorexics. A lot of people, mainly young woman have this imagine of them tha t society put of them to be skinner. So these young women will change there bodies to what they think society what them to look like and these young women will start making them self throw up after every time they eat because it is easier and less pain full then surgery. But the problem is that they don’t stop. They just think I’m to fat I need to be skinner.... Free Essays on Imagination Free Essays on Imagination Imagination The imagination builds fantasy landscapes and experience and then moves into them to see what they’re like. A great deal of us imagine thing we can not control. For example when we dream or when our mind gets away from us we cannot control the out come or what’s going to happen next. Then there are those imaginations we can control. For example you are sitting somewhere, anywhere and you spot this special some one you start thinking should I go over there and talk to that some one, but then you think what if. Your mind goes into this fantasy role play mode. Now remember you are controlling this imagination. So you get to decide what the out come should be to best fit you. I most cases our imagination is a lot more desirable then the real world. Sometime people take there imagination to far they start affecting they’re bodies. I think the best example for this is people who are anorexics. A lot of people, mainly young woman have this imagine of them tha t society put of them to be skinner. So these young women will change there bodies to what they think society what them to look like and these young women will start making them self throw up after every time they eat because it is easier and less pain full then surgery. But the problem is that they don’t stop. They just think I’m to fat I need to be skinner....

Japanese Management Essays - Employee Relations, Administration

Japanese Management Essays - Employee Relations, Administration Japanese Management Abstract As we know, Japan?s economy, situation, and condition was totally destroyed during the World War II. But surpassingly, Japan now become one of the powerful countries in the world especially in the economic in only took for less than fifty years. This the reason why I choose this topic. In this Paper we will look at how are the Japanese managing their company that is one of the key of their success in the business. Also I will comparing the Japanese way with what the western country way of how to manage. The possibility of us in putting in the Japanese Theory in our (western) world are also discussed in this paper. 1.0. INTRODUCTION As we know, Japan had a very amazing growth in economy in the 70?s and 80?s. We remembered that before Japan had this growth, Japan?s economy was really destroyed by the World War Two. Japanese bounced back from disaster to one of the most powerful countries. Two reasons Japanese firm became so successful is how h well managed their firms are. They blend their own culture with others in operating their firms, as a result, they come out with their own unique way of management. They are also successful in the way they develop their human resources. The Japanese business and management system is strongly rooted in Japanese culture and tradition. Japanese have a very unique relationship between institutions and state , between individuals and the state, and between individuals and individuals. These relationships are linked to culture and traditional values. The Japanese is a plural homogeneous society. They have varieties of people but instead of individualism, they tend to form a group and there are no competition between group. They have very good loyalty in a group. Lee and schwendian wrote in their book," When a Japanese man asked his occupation, he will usually answer that he is a Sony or Hitachi man, not that he is an accountant, sales person, or business manager. (Japanese Management, 1982. pp 9). The Japanese also tend to look a non-Japanese as an outsider. They will treated non Japanese differently until they are learned how Japanese culture works. The Japanese often refer to their nation as our country (waga ku! ni) and non Japanese as outside people (gaijin). (Lee and Schwendiman, 1982. pp. 7). In the Japanese psyche is a concept of inside (uchi) and outside (soto) that not only defines one?s membership, in a group but determines how one speaks to and interact with others. (Iwata 1977, pp. 60-65). 1.1. CULTURE INFLUENCE The Japanese have a very unique culture. They are good at mixing other cultures with their own. As a result of this blending, they come out with their own identity. China was the most importantly influenced. Buddhist and Confucian philosophy are the basic framework the Japanese use to develop their way of thinking. Buddhist was contributing the way of life. The Confucian taught the Japanese about traditional value, external values, and harmony within the society, while at the same time emphasizing the collective aspect of the social order. These systems are the most important thoughts of Japanese management system. The Japanese used these influences to reject individualism. They prefer the natural order represented by people living in human community, rather than by individual living in the state of nature. Even though Japanese culture had a lot of influence by others, Japanese still use their own culture to develop their management system. One of the Japanese traditional values is the samurai. Samurais are a leader in a society. They have three codes: first, giri, social obligation, second, on, the concept of benevolence and thus obligation to the lesser status, third, ninjo, a human felling- a kind of tolerance for human nature. These three characteristics are known as the code of ethics in a professional?s life. Beside these three, samurai are also known for the loyalty to their landlord. Today?s Japanese dedicate their life to a corporation for their work. These system in their society are well known and apparently will be used as long as this form of elitism justified itself through legitimate behavior. Japanese firms used ringi-sei to make a decision regarding firm decisions. Ringi-sei is a document circulated from

International and Comparative Human Resource Management Essay - 1

International and Comparative Human Resource Management - Essay Example This essay â€Å"International and Comparative Human Resource Management† analyses potential strategic problems facing Human Resource Managers operating in multi-national companies, by focusing on the Morale Welfare and Recreation, abbreviated as MWR. Management is a form of work which deals with the way an organization organizes its resources and departments in order to provide services or produce goods. Some of the resources used by a company are its employees, money and other equipment. Management will thus require managers to get involved in some of the basic activities that call for getting the best out of the company. These activities include organizing, planning, staffing, leading, and controlling. Management can sometimes turn out to be complex if all the essential rules are not followed to the letter. This is because management calls for making the best decision, communicating well with people that matter in the management process, giving work assignments, delegating, training people, and appraising the employees, based on the job they are doing. When it comes to management, the diversity aspect is always inevitable. In a workplace setting of any company, the aspect of diversity will always be seen in respect to age, gender, race, religion, and other factors. Diversity management is thus a strategy intended to promote a positive environment in the workplace. In most cases, diversity management would be initiated by human resource management professionals and managed by the head of departments and supervisors. MWR, being a program that is intended to serve everybody eligible, irrespective of the differences that may abound, has to include diversity management in its management process. In MWR, the diversity management aspect is based on the idea that diversity is a way that shows the alternative ways of thinking, perceiving, and acting, thus enriching the overall life of the military community and their families (MWR). Diversity in this organizat ion will thus be seen as a way of getting creativity and innovation to the next level. This will act as a way through which the whole aspect of competitive advantage can be achieved, helping in the future developments. The military is made up of individuals of various religious

Competencies for International HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Competencies for International HR - Essay Example Referring to Stroh and Caligiuri (1998), one of the most critical factors for the success of a company is its management of the human assets. The most important issue for HR in global organisations to decide at present is to decide whether they should depend on convergence or divergence. Convergence refers to developing the same basic rules and regulations for all locations, and divergence refers to allowing diversity according to local requirements. As Amstrong (2006) points out, the decision to make a company centralised or decentralised is dependent on a number of factors. These factors are: the extent to which there are well-defined local norms, the degree to which a unit is embedded in the local environment, the flow of resources from parent company to the subsidiary, and the nature of the industry (ibid). Admittedly, one thing becomes evident from this description: HR has an important role to play in this situation. A study in Malcrum(Alexander et al , 2009) with the support of HSBC looked into the role of internal and external communication in the present day international HR. It is found that the purposes in enhancing internal communication for businesses are creating understanding of the company strategy and direction, supporting organisational change, keeping people informed of company news, building company pride, and helping people to live values (ibid). Thus, it becomes evident that the purposes all are linked to HR. The main purpose of internal communication is employee engagement. Then, the study looked into how this internal communication is linked to external communication. In the present day business world, companies undergo rigorous scrutiny from the part of media and governments. That means companies will have to ensure that they practice what they preach. As Alexander et al (2009) states, if a company makes a public statement, it should make sure that the employees are aware of the same, and vice versa. When this point is discussed, it beco mes necessary to point out how a lack of relationships with external media, governments and local communities can be destructive at times. An example is the crisis faced by Shell Oil in Nigeria. To illustrate, it was during 1990s that Shell Petroleum came under heavy fire from the part of international press and local media for alleged environmental pollution of the delta. Noted public figures like Saro-Wiwa raised their concern against the company, and mass agitation began in no time. The company realised that it had little chance for improving its image or to bounce back to its previous glory as it had not cared to keep relationships with international media or the local community. In order to improve its image, the company took the following public relation initiatives. Firstly, it started balancing its business with active citizenship/working in partnership with communities. Secondly, the company decided to position itself as a company that respects human rights and environment. Thirdly, the company started publicising itself as a law-abiding, non-sectarian company. As Turk and Scanlan (1999) reflect, the company decided to propagate what it did for community and environment. Thus, one thing becomes very evident. International HR needs to be able to keep both internal and external

Analysis of the Book Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya Essay

Analysis of the Book Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of the Book Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya" analyses the actions of the main character Antonio of the book "Bless Me, Ultima" by Rudolfo Anaya. In his search for identity, Antonio struggles to find his personal belief and value system. The paper investigates Antonio’s religious quest and discusses the juxtaposition of Catholicism, paganism, magic, mythology, and superstition in the novel. Antonio has a somewhat conflicting childhood, with his mother belonging to the Luna family who are mostly farmers and priests and who wants him to become a priest as well. Whereas his father belongs to the MÃ ¡rez clan, a family where roaming the earth and the freedom it gives are encouraged. Antonio is raised as a Catholic, which he adapts to so unquestioningly that at the small age of six he already decides to become a priest when he grows up. However, despite being Catholic, both his parents not only love but also reverse the curandera Ultima. Thus, she is someone w ho holds fast to the traditions of the people and is a healer, though not a witch, albeit she is accused of being so. Most of the people do not know how to react to her, as she has really good healing powers, almost to the point of people suspecting witchcraft. The first time doubts are raised in Antonio’s mind about his Catholic faith is when his friend tells him about the golden carp, a pagan god. The first thought that comes to his mind is if the God the Catholics pray to is the true God or not.

Vulnerable Adults Essay Example for Free

Vulnerable Adults Essay Introduction Health service is defined as a top most service that is related to the diagnosis and treatment of disease, or the promotion, maintenance and restoration of health (Capezuti, Siegler and Mezey, 2007). There are personal and non personal health services. In UK, National Health Service (NHS) launched in the year 1948. Now it is the world’s largest publically funded health service. The health service in NHS is adorned with efficiency and comprehensive to provide maximum help and support for the needed people. Social care is defined as a profession where people work in partnership with those who experience marginalisation or disadvantage or who needs special care and support, vulnerable people leaving in the community and in the residential care ( Miller, Vandome and McBrewster, 2009). The policies and the legislations for support the caring and supporting the elder people are very important and it should be cared by each health professionals and by the society (http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/socialcare/index.htm). Care quality commission provides the assurance for the quality of care and support for the residence in the care homes residential homes with the support of policies and legislations in the England. The aim of this essay is to identify the law that is related to vulnerable adults is the lack of resources. Literature review In definition, a vulnerable adult is a person aged over the sixteen and not able to protect or take care of himself. There are number of reasons behind it; they are illness, physical disability, mental illness, drug or alcohol dependency and old age. The children act 1989 offer social workers and local authorities a clear legal framework to go along with their duties and obligations. This act is to provide maximum help and support for the children with its significant resources. This act got passed on the basis of simplifying the child care legislation that is exciting (Gupta, Playfer and Bhowmick, 2008). However, it is clear that for vulnerable adults it is difficult to find out a unifying statue, but instead there is some fragmented legislation that is difficult to locate and implement in an effective way. As the reason for a social worker and other care provider it is difficult to carry their skill, knowledge, experience and sensitivity for the support of the vulnerable adults. In this particular area, mental health legislation and community care lead the provision of services offering some regulations and guidance. But there are some confusion can be found out these regulations and guidance for the health providers. As the result it is a confused area to provide the needed duties and obligations from the part of the care providers. It is clear that there are some specific written policies to support the vulnerable adults, however with the involvement of different agencies in the protection of vulnerable adults it is still in confusion thinking that who is the right responsible to provide help and support. To rectify all these problems, NHS trust, social service department and all other related health services organisation should work together for a better result. But unfortunately th is is not the case. Care in the community According to the Health and Social Care Bill 2011, it gives an importance to the care , general health and other social issues. The social issues and care is very important and it should be cared by the medical professionals and other publics. The care and support for the adults in the society is very important and it should be valued for each and every persons especially by the health professionals. The Health and Social Care Bill was introduced in 19 January in 2011 in the parliament and the major part of this include with the modernisation in the medical facilities and world class health care delivering by the health professionals. The caring of the adults is very important and it also very important to give the modern and effective facilities to the adults and the other public (http://www.info4local.gov.uk/documents/related-links/1820651). The community care is aimed to offer help and support for both the vulnerable adult and their carer. The first step is to provide help for vulnerable adults is the recognition of him. Since the lacking of collaboration with multi agency and resources in majority of the local authorities and primary care trusts it would be unrecognised with the arrangements or referrals for the assessments related to needs (Baggett, 1989). This problem takes place with the lack of information and knowledge of the care providers since they are lacking of knowledge with the present legislation. It leads to more spending and needless action to provide maximum help and support for the vulnerable adults in the needed time. Most of the vulnerable adults are unaware of the help that is to be provided; there should be an immediate action to prevent this situation from worsening. Most of the adults are too proud seeking their help and needs from the care providers (Backhaus, 2011). For example, the visitors of the adults in hospital give the more support to offer help and support from the care providers. But there are some adults those who are avoided especially in majority of situation and their condition is getting worsening. Section 46 of the National Health Service and community care act 1990 defines the care plans and services to be provided for the needed people. It includes with laundry services, meals on wheels, residential care and social work. This section is a leading one to uplift the quality of care provider to maintain his service and help for the needed people. According to the local authorities the meaning of need because of financial constraints it guides to procedural bias and restriction of services. It clearly defines that the lack of resources with the law related to vulnerable adults and this area needed a special care. Old age According to the ‘Promoting Health and Well Being’ that is a standard which used by the national service frame work in Wales, they care about the older people and they gives some guidelines and the standard line for the old age lives. The major points which include with this are strategy for the nutrition and the well being of the older people, active and healthy life style of the people who lived in Wales, frame works for actions and National service frame work for diabetes, mental health and coronary heart diseases (http://cymru.gov.uk/topics/olderpeople/health/?skip=1lang=en). In old age a person comes in to the position of vulnerability with the reasons of not been provided adequate services and help or being a victim of some kind of abuse or neglect. As far as the duty of a social worker is concerned with old people, there should be some kind of a special treating on the basis of respect to provide maximum help and support for the old age people. Their voice should be valuable and heard with its prior important. On the basis of human rights 1998, a social worker should respect the human rights of adults, right to privacy, right to liberty and right to fair trial. A social worker should be friendly and can work in partnership with service user to make eligible the service users to be feeling as comfortable and supported (Duquenoy, George and Kimppa, 2008). Their needs skills and professional judgement from the part of the social worker to provide the needs of the adults and also to protect them. Since there are no laws to old people but for children, child act 1989, a social worker should be capable of with the legislation from different areas to offer the better results for the service users. In clear words, if a social worker is trained with specialist knowledge he becomes more positive to offer his better result. It is unmistakably true that the availability of the resources in the local authority plays and important impact to provide support and care for the old people and it is different in regions (Kamp and Hvid, 2012). It shows that it takes place with the lacking of proper application of the law. For example, the health services and public health act 1968, (HSPHA)’s state that the local authority may take arrangements to offer some services that is based on the well fare of older people. This wording act can’t take a major part to provide the obligations on the local authorities related to their better services, but only grants them power to do so. It is evident that if there is some problem with funding or services there may be a lot of old people can’t access the needed help and support from it. The National Health Service and community service at 1990 (NHS, CCA) S46 needs that every local authority must have a plan for their community care and they should be regular to make sure for the well fare of older people. It is the legislation that is important in some manner but it is failure in opening an account about the solid duty that is related to the local authorities to offer the help and support for the older people. The National Health Service Act, 1977 (NHSA) schedule 8, is aimed for providing services for the elder people who live in the local authority. This help is include with shopping, cooking, cleaning etc. it appears that a fame obligation on the local authority to offer the help and support. When an old person is recognised as to be given help and support from the part of the local authority, it is questionable that local authority is capable of helping and supporting of needed person. But from the part of the serviced user, in most of the cases the ultimate help from the local authority is not in a full result. And as the reason, the service from the local authority is not as much as improved than they started from. Residential accommodation The national assistance act 1948 (NAA) S.21 defines about the duties and obligations of the local authority to offer the accommodation for residence. As far as most of the laws connected to the adults is concerned, all those ones is included the right duties and obligations to provide help for the older people from the part of the local authorities. For example, the NAA 1948 (Choice of accommodation) directions 1992 were introduced to make the adults with accommodation and other needs. However the needed people are paid a specified amount. As the reason, the freedom of choice is cancelled since there are financial implications. Residential care is provided as an easily accessible one to 24 hour care home like it is the carefulness of local authority. Since there is choice, majority of the people would like to stay in the home, it is hard for a social worker to balance the value of his social work based on oppressive practice empowerment with financial implications and partnership and to be a well service provider with maximum help and support for the service user (Williams, 1992). The liberty of an adult is given with much priority. However in some cases, it is unavoidable for their own health safety and safety of others compulsory removals have been done. It means that it is the duty of a social worker to offer maximum support and help in the home environment itself (Norman and Redfern, 1997). It is significant to clarify that in residential homes there should be a high quality of caring and supporting. In some cases people in residential care has been exploited with neglect and employee abuse. The care standard act 2000 got introduced in order to make sure a regulatory system that is able to capable of delivering a high quality service with all its concerns (Burchell, 2000). In April 2002 with upgrading the services for vulnerable adults and children national care standard commission regulated the services. It includes four main components. They are monitoring, providing national bench marks, representing the consumer and encouraging the development of better services. It guarantees a new protection for vulnerable adults and it make sure to avoid the unsuitable people is not allowed to work with vulnerable adults (Williams, 1992). It established a general social care council for England and care council for Wales. It came to action with its first step as an effective act but the lacking of funding and human resources stopped its implementation with full perfection. In the care standard acts 2000, it mentions that there should be high quality social care worker provided with high standards of training. But it became questionable with the lack of funding, qualified trainers. In the article done by David Brindle, mentions that in UK the number of abuse against elderly people is alarming and it is growing as a top most problem to be rectified. Research shows that when the staffs are well trained and educated the abuse against elderly people is restricted or no longer a problem in the social care field. It means there are some staffs that are stress, over worked and feels undervalued can be the reason for abuse on adults. Studies prove that in some working area the care workers are not valued well, in some working environment they are stressed highly with their over working and hard working (Lechner and Neal, 1999). These are the problems that lead them to unleash their anger on elderly people and it comes to a result like abuse. It is estimated that there are 800,000 untrained staffs are involved in working with older people. If there is an action on elder abuse it may cost 600 pound each to make sure that they had recognised qualifications according to the charity. There are some potential employees have become part in abuse. In that case it is difficult to identify them and it should be the duty of a social care worker to guide and control himself at first. He should do his best with the support of good practice and vigilance. There should be consistency from the part of the employers, rigour, thoroughness in the implementation of needed checks and procedures that are apt in each and every time. Lacking of time, money or resources may be the problem with the employees. In other case, lacking of qualified and skilled employees with their leaving jobs is another problem. All together it is difficult to maintain an employee in an organisation providing his basic things. First of all there should be advanced type of training from the part of the organisation for the employees. It should help the employees to get matured and to know the rights and responsibilities in their duties to be done. Secondly providing value of an employee offering good salary and to give him comfortable shifting time to work is essential. It will enable him to feel comfortable in his working environment and to follow the duties and responsibility of his work. Thirdly, to stop the quitting jobs of employees an organisation should find out some strategies and techniques to retain their employees in their organisation (Roit, 2010). As far as abuse on elders is concerned from the part of the social care workers, the above said things are significant to rectify the problem to a great extent. Mental Health There are a lot of policies and legislations which related to it in the case of older people are established by the governments in the European countries especially in England. The elder people should be cared and support by the other people and society in their final stage of life and the value of humanity is considered by the each legislation and policies that established by the government. The law on mental health is very much as same as the law that is related to the groups of vulnerable adults. It is needed updating and consolidation. The department of health defines that there are some changes in mental health services with new drug treatments, different patterns of care, which is commonly seen in people treated in the community than in institutions and also wider role for other therapeutic approaches, these things have made a different landscape. As the reason modern mental health legislation is needed to reflect that landscape. Since the law has got updated approved social wo rker should be able to aware of his power and duties under the mental health act 1983. It is clear that the numbers of mentally ill patients are alarming and the treatment they get within the community is not fulfilled with its perfection. It needs support networks, more approved social workers and also better home services. But it is sad that the mentioned things are working efficiently very scarcely and the government should be able to provide extra funding to support their care in the community (Fulmer, Foreman and Walker, 2001). The national assembly for Wales started the adult mental health services strategy with four main key points. They are (1) Equity- it means, mental health service should be provided for the needed people with its perfection. (2) Empowerment- it means service users and carers should work together to find out a better strategy to help and support the mental health patients. (3) Effectiveness – there should be some effective intervention provided by mental health services that is needed for improving the quality of life. (4) Efficiency- the services of mental health should be capable of using the resources perfectly and they should care the public money is spent with accountability. In England it is questionable that mentally ill patients are treated well or not. In the past years there were good help and support for mentally ill patients from the part of the hospitals providing 63,000 beds in the year 1988. But in the year 2000, it was halved with 34, 3000 beds. Considering this number of beds and above said reasons there should be well planned strategies to provide maximum help and support for the mentally ill patient and also they should be in secure accommodation. Conclusion In conclusion, legislations, policies and guidelines for the caring and supporting for the older people are very important and effective in providing good and standard service. The government in the England and other European countries are providing a lot of rules, legislations, and policies to provide the support and good caring and support for the elder people in the society. Most of the legislations and the principles are followed by the each and every health professionals and it support to provide a standard and supporting care for the elder people. It is difficult for a social worker to provide maximum help and support for the vulnerable adults, to check it the care workers should ask questions by themselves and value the judgements by them related to the services that they provided. They should be capable of understanding where a person is in capable of taking decisions especially like a mentally ill patient. It means, the care worker should be the ultimate health provider apart from policies and procedures from the government. It means the more a social care worker is capable of handling his duty with its full perfection, the more he becomes available to the needs of service users. In the case of skilled employees in a health care organisation, there are some problems like burnout; quitting their jobs etc. these problems should be settled in with the perfect strategies from the government and health organisations as well. As far as the vulnerability of the adults is concerned there are some lack of clear legislation that hinters the correct implementation of the law and also the ambiguity of the law and all these things contribute to the lack of resources. References Backhaus, P. (2011) Communication in Elderly Care: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Continuum International Publishing, Baggett, S. (1989) Residential Care for the Elderly: Critical Issues in Public Policy. Greenwood Publishing Group Capezuti, L., Siegler, and Mezey, M. D. (2007) Encyclopedia of Elder Care: The Comprehensive Resource on Geriatric and Social Care , Springer Publishing Company Duquenoy, P., George, C. and Kimppa, K. (2008) Ethical, Legal, And Social Issues In Medical Informatics . Idea Group Inc Fulmer, T. T., Foreman, M. D. and Walker, M. K. (2001) Critical Care Nursing of the Elderly. Springer Publishing Company Gupta, A., Playfer, J. and Bhowmick, B. (2008) Measurement Scales Used in Elderly Care. Radcliffe Publishing Kamp, A. and Hvid, H. (2012) Elderly Care in Transition: Management, Meaning and Identity at Work. A Scandinavian Perspective. Copenhagen Business School Press Lechner, V. M. and Neal, M. B. (1999) Work and Caring for the Elderly: International Perspective s. Routledge Miller, F. P., Vandome, A. F. and McBrewster , J. (2009) Elderly Care. Alphascript Publishing Norman, I. J. and Redfern, S. J. (1997) Mental Health Care for Elderly People. Elsevier Health Sciences, Roit, B. D. (2010). Strategies of Care: Changing Elderly Care in Italy and the Netherlands. Amsterdam University Press Williams, D. K. (1992) Residential Care Services for the Elderly: Business Guide for Home-Based Eldercare. Routledge